Przedstawiamy ważne zwroty, wyrażenia i słówka przydatne podczas pisania rozprawek i innych prac w języku angielskim.
Dobra praca pisemna w języku angielskim to efekt połączenia kilku elementów. Są to przede wszystkim efektywna realizacja wytycznych, które znajdują się w poleceniu wykonywanego przez nas zadania, nasza własna inwencja twórcza, która ma mniejszy lub większy wpływ, w zależności od wykonywanej formy pisemnej, oraz poprawność językowa. Jest jednak pewien element, który ma znaczący wpływ na to, jak dobrze nasza praca zostanie oceniona. Elementem tym są słówka, spójniki, zwroty oraz wyrażenia, które grają niezwykle ważną rolę w każdej pracy pisemnej w języku angielskim. Poniżej znajdziecie wyrażenia i zwroty, które urozmaicą każdą pracę pisaną w języku angielskim.
1. To begin with – na początek – To begin with, we started with...
2. To start with – na początek – To start with, the weather was beautiful that day.
3. Firstly – po pierwsze – Firstly, you have to remember that...
4. First of all – po pierwsze, przede wszystkim – First of all, it was not me who...
5. For starters (zwrot półformalny!) – na początek, na dzień dobry – For starters, she believes that...
6. In the first place – w pierwszej kolejności – It was not a good choice in the first place.
1. Secondly – po drugie – Secondly, our true intention was...
2. Thirdly – po trzecie – Thirdly, he admitted that...
3. Moreover – co więcej, ponadto – Moreover, it was not until that evening that we realised...
4. What is more – co więcej, ponadto – Ken was aware of it. What is more, he had experienced...
5. Furthermore – ponadto, w dodatku, poza tym – Furthermore, there was another reason for it.
6. Further – co więcej, dodatkowo – Further, she claimed that...
7. Then – następnie – Then, we proceeded to...
8. Besides – poza tym, oprócz tego – Besides, he is too rude to...
9. In addition – w dodatku, oprócz tego – In addition, we paid a little too much...
10. And – oraz, i – And, he insisted that...
11. As for; As to – jeżeli chodzi o, co do – As for me, I was...; As to the situation, it was...
12. As well as – zarówno, jak również, oraz – As well as dancing, we...
13. Apart from – oprócz (tego) – Apart from this, there is a great deal of ...
14. Not to mention (the fact) that – nie wspominając o (tym, że) – Not to mention that Jim is ...
15. Not only ... but also – nie tylko ... ale również – Not only is she cute, but also very friendly.
16. Both ... and – zarówno ... i – Both you and me agree that ...
17. There is another side to this problem/issue/question/argument – jest jeszcze inna strona tego problemu/kwestii/debaty
1. And – i, a, oraz – We started early, and so did John.
2. Or – lub, bądź – We could go or stay inside.
3. But – lecz, ale – Me and Peter wanted to join in, but she refused to follow suit.
4. That – że – I immediately realised that we missed the flight.
5. Because – ponieważ, bo – The competition was stopped because of the rain.
6. Before – zanim, przed tym, jak – I turned my laptop off before I left my room.
7. After – kiedy już, po tym, jak – A little girl started crying after she dropped her candy.
8. If – jeżeli, w wypadku, gdy – I can compete if you compete.
9. Unless – jeżeli nie – We will win this tournament unless Jack screws up.
10. Than – niż, aniżeli – I much prefer riding a bike than driving a car.
11. Thus – tak więc – James achieved a great result, thus he soon got a sponsor.
12. Therefore – tak więc, dlatego – Sarah went to school, therefore she was not at home anymore.
13. As a consequence – wskutek – There have been riots as a consequence of...
14. As a result – w rezultacie, wskutek – The dog was angry as a result of...
15. As … as – tak … jak – Tom is certainly not as giddy as Jack.
16. Both … and – zarówno … jak i – Both Smith and Jackson tried to explain...
17. Neither … nor – ani … ani – Neither Ted nor Anne knew the answer.
18. As long as; So long as – jeśli tylko – As long as you remain kind,...
19. So that – żeby – We started early so that...
20. Owing to – w związku z – It was a breakthrough owing to the great advancements...
1. As – ponieważ, jako, że – As he refused to go, so did I.
2. Since – ponieważ, jako, że – Since we were already late, we decided to...
3. Because – ponieważ – Because the weather was so beautiful,...
4. Because of – z powodu – Because of unfavourable conditions,...
5. For this reason – z tego powodu – For this reason, the trip was a nightmare.
6. Due to – z powodu – Due to bad weather, we cancelled the excursion.
7. This is why – dlatego – This is why the event was so popular amongst the members of the club.
8. Given that – jeżeli – Given that the society wants to cooperate,...
9. On the grounds that – z przyczyn, że – On the grounds that we had to stop,...
10. On account of – z powodu – You need not worry on account of Terry.
11. Owing to – z powodu, ponieważ – The factory closed owing to the lack of resources.
1. In order to – w celu, żeby – In order to pass, you have to...
2. To – żeby – To tell the truth is...
3. For – żeby, w celu – For safety reasons, the administration decided...
4. So as to – tak, aby, po to, aby – Behave well so as to leave a good impression on...
5. So that – aby, żeby – We drove fast, so that we made it on time.
6. With the intention of – w celu – Tom came to me with the intention of asking me a question.
1. In my opinion – moim zdaniem – In my opinion, it is not a good idea to...
2. As far as I am concerned – jeżeli o mnie chodzi – As far as I am concerned, you better...
3. I would say/suggest that – powiedziałbym/sugerowałbym, że/żeby – I would say that...
4. Personally – osobiście – Personally, I believe that what he is saying...
5. I believe (that) – uważam, że, wierzę, że – I believe that we can still...
6. I think (that) – uważam, że, myślę, że – I think that it is a good idea indeed.
7. I reckon (that) – uważam, że, sądzę, że – I reckon that he does not know what he is talking about.
8. According to – według – According to this standpoint, you shall...
9. If you ask me – jeżeli chodzi o mnie, moim zdaniem – If you ask me, this is not the way to do it.
10. From somebody's standpoint/viewpoint – zdaniem kogoś – From my standpoint, she is fair.
11. I am of the view/opinion (that) – według mnie, uważam, że – I am of the view that it needs...
12. I hold the view/opinion (that) – uważam, że – I hold the opinion that it is necessary to...
13. To my mind – według mnie – To my mind, it would be unwise to let him go.
14. I suppose (that) – podejrzewam, że – I suppose that had it not been for her, he would have...
15. It seems to me (that) – wydaje mi się, że – It seems to me that he is not perfectly honest here.
16. It is my belief/opinion that – wierzę, że/według mnie – It is my belief that the poor need smaller taxes.
17. I am convinced that – jestem przekonany/a, że – I am convinced that what he is saying is true.
1. In fact – prawdę mówiąc, de facto – In fact, he contradicts himself.
2. On the other hand – z drugiej strony – On the other hand, Kimi has never said anything like that.
3. Nevertheless – tyle niemniej, jednak – Nevertheless, we should consider...
4. On the contrary – przeciwnie – On the contrary, the long term effect is...
5. However – jednakże – I used to do this. Nowadays, however, things have changed a bit.
6. In contrast to – w przeciwieństwie do – In contrast to my mother, I am rather tall.
7. Despite – pomimo, mimo – Despite cold weather, they decided to...
8. In spite of – pomimo, mimo – In spite of her previous statement, she suggested that....
9. Still – niemniej – He seems tough. Still, he helped me...
10. Yet – jednak – David is a great football player, yet he still has to practice...
11. Although – choć, mimo że – Although he claims to be honest, he...
12. Whereas – podczas gdy – Tim is timid, whereas Shane is a complete opposite.
13. While/whilst – podczas gdy – Jane has blue eyes, whilst her sister's eyes are green.
14. Notwithstanding – pomimo – His look notwithstanding, he is a cheerful person.
15. Nonetheless – jednakże, niemniej jednak – Nonetheless, he managed to win the race.
16. Even so – mimo tego – Even so, some people still live there.
17. Regardless of the fact that – pomimo tego, że – Regardless of the fact that this side is not particularly popular,...
1. For example – na przykład – For example, Poland is one of the countries that...
2. For instance – na przykład – For instance, you can apply this adhesive...
3. e.g. (for example) – na przykład – e.g. Lakes, rivers, etc.
4. Idealnym na to przykładem jest... – A perfect example for that is...
5. Doskonałym/świetnym/dobrym przykładem jest... – An excellent/brilliant/fine instance is...
6. Przykładem wartym wspomnienia jest... – An example worth mentioning is...
7. Particularly – w szczególności – Particularly these are the most enticing points...
8. Especially – zwłaszcza, szczególnie – Especially this seems to be...
9. One striking/typical/good example is... – Uderzającym/typowym/dobrym przykładem jest...
10. It shows that... – to pokazuje, że – It shows that people must not be trusted at all times.
1. Obviously – oczywiście – Obviously, this only holds true if...
2. Clearly – najwidoczniej – Clearly it was inevitable.
3. Naturally – oczywiście, z pewnością – Naturally it was adequate to...
4. Needless to say – nie trzeba dodawać, że; rzecz jasna – Needless to say, it was a great performance.
5. Indeed – w rzeczy samej, istotnie, faktycznie – Indeed, the choice was a good one.
1. I (completely) agree (with) – (całkowicie) zgadzam się z – I agree with the standpoint that...
2. I stand by (something) – zgadzam się z – I stand by your viewpoint.
3. I support (something) – zgadzam się z – I support this statement.
4. To me, … seems fair/true/accurate – dla mnie, … wydaje się być w porządku/prawdziwe/celne
5. I could not agree more – w zupełności się zgadzam – I could not agree more with your idea.
6. I agree to the utmost – w zupełności się zgadzam – She seems to agree with us to the utmost.
1. I disagree (with) – nie zgadzam się z – I disagree with what he says.
2. I do not agree (with) – nie zgadzam się z – No offence, but I do not agree with...
3. Object to – sprzeciwiać się – Larry usually objects to his parents' words.
4. I am not so sure... - nie jestem do końca przekonany.... - I am not so sure about this, mate.
5. I agree up to a point, but... - do pewnego stopnia się zgadzam, lecz...
6. It makes sense, but... - to ma sens, lecz... - What you're saying makes sense, but I don't see...
7. No way! - nie ma mowy! (zwrot nieformalny!)- There's no way I am doing this!
8. Impossible! - niemożliwe (zwrot nieformalny!) - It could not be Mark! That's impossible!
1. All in all – ogólnie rzecz biorąc – All in all, this issue is...
2. To conclude – podsumowując – To conclude, I reckon that little has been done...
3. To sum up – podsumowując – To sum up, we have not reached a point...
4. In conclusion – na zakończenie – In conclusion, there are only...
5. Taking everything into consideration – biorąc wszystko pod uwagę
6. Lastly – wreszcie, na koniec – Lastly, I would like to touch upon...
7. To wrap up – podsumowując – To wrap up, all the aspects mentioned...
8. All things considered – biorąc (to) wszystko pod uwagę – All things considered, we must...
9. To encapsulate – ujmując zwięźle – To encapsulate, it must not be forgotten that...
10. In a nutshell – w skrócie – In a nutshell, the gist of this article is...
11. On balance – po rozważeniu – On balance, we need to do more...
Zapraszamy również do naszego słownika idiomów, w którym znajdziecie tysiące przydatnych pozycji. Ponadto, zapraszamy do odwiedzenia artykułu, w którym poznacie przydatne zwroty i słownictwo przy opisywaniu osoby w języku angielskim. Zapraszamy!
